/** * Link/Bookmark API * * @package WordPress * @subpackage Bookmark */ /** * Retrieves bookmark data. * * @since 2.1.0 * * @global object $link Current link object. * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param int|stdClass $bookmark * @param string $output Optional. The required return type. One of OBJECT, ARRAY_A, or ARRAY_N, which * correspond to an stdClass object, an associative array, or a numeric array, * respectively. Default OBJECT. * @param string $filter Optional. How to sanitize bookmark fields. Default 'raw'. * @return array|object|null Type returned depends on $output value. */ function get_bookmark( $bookmark, $output = OBJECT, $filter = 'raw' ) { global $wpdb; if ( empty( $bookmark ) ) { if ( isset( $GLOBALS['link'] ) ) { $_bookmark = & $GLOBALS['link']; } else { $_bookmark = null; } } elseif ( is_object( $bookmark ) ) { wp_cache_add( $bookmark->link_id, $bookmark, 'bookmark' ); $_bookmark = $bookmark; } else { if ( isset( $GLOBALS['link'] ) && ( $GLOBALS['link']->link_id === $bookmark ) ) { $_bookmark = & $GLOBALS['link']; } else { $_bookmark = wp_cache_get( $bookmark, 'bookmark' ); if ( ! $_bookmark ) { $_bookmark = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->links WHERE link_id = %d LIMIT 1", $bookmark ) ); if ( $_bookmark ) { $_bookmark->link_category = array_unique( wp_get_object_terms( $_bookmark->link_id, 'link_category', array( 'fields' => 'ids' ) ) ); wp_cache_add( $_bookmark->link_id, $_bookmark, 'bookmark' ); } } } } if ( ! $_bookmark ) { return $_bookmark; } $_bookmark = sanitize_bookmark( $_bookmark, $filter ); if ( OBJECT === $output ) { return $_bookmark; } elseif ( ARRAY_A === $output ) { return get_object_vars( $_bookmark ); } elseif ( ARRAY_N === $output ) { return array_values( get_object_vars( $_bookmark ) ); } else { return $_bookmark; } } /** * Retrieves single bookmark data item or field. * * @since 2.3.0 * * @param string $field The name of the data field to return. * @param int $bookmark The bookmark ID to get field. * @param string $context Optional. The context of how the field will be used. Default 'display'. * @return string|WP_Error */ function get_bookmark_field( $field, $bookmark, $context = 'display' ) { $bookmark = (int) $bookmark; $bookmark = get_bookmark( $bookmark ); if ( is_wp_error( $bookmark ) ) { return $bookmark; } if ( ! is_object( $bookmark ) ) { return ''; } if ( ! isset( $bookmark->$field ) ) { return ''; } return sanitize_bookmark_field( $field, $bookmark->$field, $bookmark->link_id, $context ); } /** * Retrieves the list of bookmarks. * * Attempts to retrieve from the cache first based on MD5 hash of arguments. If * that fails, then the query will be built from the arguments and executed. The * results will be stored to the cache. * * @since 2.1.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param string|array $args { * Optional. String or array of arguments to retrieve bookmarks. * * @type string $orderby How to order the links by. Accepts 'id', 'link_id', 'name', 'link_name', * 'url', 'link_url', 'visible', 'link_visible', 'rating', 'link_rating', * 'owner', 'link_owner', 'updated', 'link_updated', 'notes', 'link_notes', * 'description', 'link_description', 'length' and 'rand'. * When `$orderby` is 'length', orders by the character length of * 'link_name'. Default 'name'. * @type string $order Whether to order bookmarks in ascending or descending order. * Accepts 'ASC' (ascending) or 'DESC' (descending). Default 'ASC'. * @type int $limit Amount of bookmarks to display. Accepts any positive number or * -1 for all. Default -1. * @type string $category Comma-separated list of category IDs to include links from. * Default empty. * @type string $category_name Category to retrieve links for by name. Default empty. * @type int|bool $hide_invisible Whether to show or hide links marked as 'invisible'. Accepts * 1|true or 0|false. Default 1|true. * @type int|bool $show_updated Whether to display the time the bookmark was last updated. * Accepts 1|true or 0|false. Default 0|false. * @type string $include Comma-separated list of bookmark IDs to include. Default empty. * @type string $exclude Comma-separated list of bookmark IDs to exclude. Default empty. * @type string $search Search terms. Will be SQL-formatted with wildcards before and after * and searched in 'link_url', 'link_name' and 'link_description'. * Default empty. * } * @return object[] List of bookmark row objects. */ function get_bookmarks( $args = '' ) { global $wpdb; $defaults = array( 'orderby' => 'name', 'order' => 'ASC', 'limit' => -1, 'category' => '', 'category_name' => '', 'hide_invisible' => 1, 'show_updated' => 0, 'include' => '', 'exclude' => '', 'search' => '', ); $parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults ); $key = md5( serialize( $parsed_args ) ); $cache = wp_cache_get( 'get_bookmarks', 'bookmark' ); if ( 'rand' !== $parsed_args['orderby'] && $cache ) { if ( is_array( $cache ) && isset( $cache[ $key ] ) ) { $bookmarks = $cache[ $key ]; /** * Filters the returned list of bookmarks. * * The first time the hook is evaluated in this file, it returns the cached * bookmarks list. The second evaluation returns a cached bookmarks list if the * link category is passed but does not exist. The third evaluation returns * the full cached results. * * @since 2.1.0 * * @see get_bookmarks() * * @param array $bookmarks List of the cached bookmarks. * @param array $parsed_args An array of bookmark query arguments. */ return apply_filters( 'get_bookmarks', $bookmarks, $parsed_args ); } } if ( ! is_array( $cache ) ) { $cache = array(); } $inclusions = ''; if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['include'] ) ) { $parsed_args['exclude'] = ''; // Ignore exclude, category, and category_name params if using include. $parsed_args['category'] = ''; $parsed_args['category_name'] = ''; $inclinks = wp_parse_id_list( $parsed_args['include'] ); if ( count( $inclinks ) ) { foreach ( $inclinks as $inclink ) { if ( empty( $inclusions ) ) { $inclusions = ' AND ( link_id = ' . $inclink . ' '; } else { $inclusions .= ' OR link_id = ' . $inclink . ' '; } } } } if ( ! empty( $inclusions ) ) { $inclusions .= ')'; } $exclusions = ''; if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['exclude'] ) ) { $exlinks = wp_parse_id_list( $parsed_args['exclude'] ); if ( count( $exlinks ) ) { foreach ( $exlinks as $exlink ) { if ( empty( $exclusions ) ) { $exclusions = ' AND ( link_id <> ' . $exlink . ' '; } else { $exclusions .= ' AND link_id <> ' . $exlink . ' '; } } } } if ( ! empty( $exclusions ) ) { $exclusions .= ')'; } if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['category_name'] ) ) { $parsed_args['category'] = get_term_by( 'name', $parsed_args['category_name'], 'link_category' ); if ( $parsed_args['category'] ) { $parsed_args['category'] = $parsed_args['category']->term_id; } else { $cache[ $key ] = array(); wp_cache_set( 'get_bookmarks', $cache, 'bookmark' ); /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/bookmark.php */ return apply_filters( 'get_bookmarks', array(), $parsed_args ); } } $search = ''; if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['search'] ) ) { $like = '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $parsed_args['search'] ) . '%'; $search = $wpdb->prepare( ' AND ( (link_url LIKE %s) OR (link_name LIKE %s) OR (link_description LIKE %s) ) ', $like, $like, $like ); } $category_query = ''; $join = ''; if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['category'] ) ) { $incategories = wp_parse_id_list( $parsed_args['category'] ); if ( count( $incategories ) ) { foreach ( $incategories as $incat ) { if ( empty( $category_query ) ) { $category_query = ' AND ( tt.term_id = ' . $incat . ' '; } else { $category_query .= ' OR tt.term_id = ' . $incat . ' '; } } } } if ( ! empty( $category_query ) ) { $category_query .= ") AND taxonomy = 'link_category'"; $join = " INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_relationships AS tr ON ($wpdb->links.link_id = tr.object_id) INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy as tt ON tt.term_taxonomy_id = tr.term_taxonomy_id"; } if ( $parsed_args['show_updated'] ) { $recently_updated_test = ', IF (DATE_ADD(link_updated, INTERVAL 120 MINUTE) >= NOW(), 1,0) as recently_updated '; } else { $recently_updated_test = ''; } $get_updated = ( $parsed_args['show_updated'] ) ? ', UNIX_TIMESTAMP(link_updated) AS link_updated_f ' : ''; $orderby = strtolower( $parsed_args['orderby'] ); $length = ''; switch ( $orderby ) { case 'length': $length = ', CHAR_LENGTH(link_name) AS length'; break; case 'rand': $orderby = 'rand()'; break; case 'link_id': $orderby = "$wpdb->links.link_id"; break; default: $orderparams = array(); $keys = array( 'link_id', 'link_name', 'link_url', 'link_visible', 'link_rating', 'link_owner', 'link_updated', 'link_notes', 'link_description' ); foreach ( explode( ',', $orderby ) as $ordparam ) { $ordparam = trim( $ordparam ); if ( in_array( 'link_' . $ordparam, $keys, true ) ) { $orderparams[] = 'link_' . $ordparam; } elseif ( in_array( $ordparam, $keys, true ) ) { $orderparams[] = $ordparam; } } $orderby = implode( ',', $orderparams ); } if ( empty( $orderby ) ) { $orderby = 'link_name'; } $order = strtoupper( $parsed_args['order'] ); if ( '' !== $order && ! in_array( $order, array( 'ASC', 'DESC' ), true ) ) { $order = 'ASC'; } $visible = ''; if ( $parsed_args['hide_invisible'] ) { $visible = "AND link_visible = 'Y'"; } $query = "SELECT * $length $recently_updated_test $get_updated FROM $wpdb->links $join WHERE 1=1 $visible $category_query"; $query .= " $exclusions $inclusions $search"; $query .= " ORDER BY $orderby $order"; if ( -1 !== $parsed_args['limit'] ) { $query .= ' LIMIT ' . absint( $parsed_args['limit'] ); } $results = $wpdb->get_results( $query ); if ( 'rand()' !== $orderby ) { $cache[ $key ] = $results; wp_cache_set( 'get_bookmarks', $cache, 'bookmark' ); } /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/bookmark.php */ return apply_filters( 'get_bookmarks', $results, $parsed_args ); } /** * Sanitizes all bookmark fields. * * @since 2.3.0 * * @param stdClass|array $bookmark Bookmark row. * @param string $context Optional. How to filter the fields. Default 'display'. * @return stdClass|array Same type as $bookmark but with fields sanitized. */ function sanitize_bookmark( $bookmark, $context = 'display' ) { $fields = array( 'link_id', 'link_url', 'link_name', 'link_image', 'link_target', 'link_category', 'link_description', 'link_visible', 'link_owner', 'link_rating', 'link_updated', 'link_rel', 'link_notes', 'link_rss', ); if ( is_object( $bookmark ) ) { $do_object = true; $link_id = $bookmark->link_id; } else { $do_object = false; $link_id = $bookmark['link_id']; } foreach ( $fields as $field ) { if ( $do_object ) { if ( isset( $bookmark->$field ) ) { $bookmark->$field = sanitize_bookmark_field( $field, $bookmark->$field, $link_id, $context ); } } else { if ( isset( $bookmark[ $field ] ) ) { $bookmark[ $field ] = sanitize_bookmark_field( $field, $bookmark[ $field ], $link_id, $context ); } } } return $bookmark; } /** * Sanitizes a bookmark field. * * Sanitizes the bookmark fields based on what the field name is. If the field * has a strict value set, then it will be tested for that, else a more generic * filtering is applied. After the more strict filter is applied, if the `$context` * is 'raw' then the value is immediately return. * * Hooks exist for the more generic cases. With the 'edit' context, the {@see 'edit_$field'} * filter will be called and passed the `$value` and `$bookmark_id` respectively. * * With the 'db' context, the {@see 'pre_$field'} filter is called and passed the value. * The 'display' context is the final context and has the `$field` has the filter name * and is passed the `$value`, `$bookmark_id`, and `$context`, respectively. * * @since 2.3.0 * * @param string $field The bookmark field. * @param mixed $value The bookmark field value. * @param int $bookmark_id Bookmark ID. * @param string $context How to filter the field value. Accepts 'raw', 'edit', 'db', * 'display', 'attribute', or 'js'. Default 'display'. * @return mixed The filtered value. */ function sanitize_bookmark_field( $field, $value, $bookmark_id, $context ) { $int_fields = array( 'link_id', 'link_rating' ); if ( in_array( $field, $int_fields, true ) ) { $value = (int) $value; } switch ( $field ) { case 'link_category': // array( ints ) $value = array_map( 'absint', (array) $value ); /* * We return here so that the categories aren't filtered. * The 'link_category' filter is for the name of a link category, not an array of a link's link categories. */ return $value; case 'link_visible': // bool stored as Y|N $value = preg_replace( '/[^YNyn]/', '', $value ); break; case 'link_target': // "enum" $targets = array( '_top', '_blank' ); if ( ! in_array( $value, $targets, true ) ) { $value = ''; } break; } if ( 'raw' === $context ) { return $value; } if ( 'edit' === $context ) { /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post.php */ $value = apply_filters( "edit_{$field}", $value, $bookmark_id ); if ( 'link_notes' === $field ) { $value = esc_html( $value ); // textarea_escaped } else { $value = esc_attr( $value ); } } elseif ( 'db' === $context ) { /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post.php */ $value = apply_filters( "pre_{$field}", $value ); } else { /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post.php */ $value = apply_filters( "{$field}", $value, $bookmark_id, $context ); if ( 'attribute' === $context ) { $value = esc_attr( $value ); } elseif ( 'js' === $context ) { $value = esc_js( $value ); } } // Restore the type for integer fields after esc_attr(). if ( in_array( $field, $int_fields, true ) ) { $value = (int) $value; } return $value; } /** * Deletes the bookmark cache. * * @since 2.7.0 * * @param int $bookmark_id Bookmark ID. */ function clean_bookmark_cache( $bookmark_id ) { wp_cache_delete( $bookmark_id, 'bookmark' ); wp_cache_delete( 'get_bookmarks', 'bookmark' ); clean_object_term_cache( $bookmark_id, 'link' ); } Corea del Sur registra tasa de fertilidad más baja en su historia – Ciudad MCY

Ciudad MCY

Comunicación Patria

Mundo

Corea del Sur registra tasa de fertilidad más baja en su historia

PorGioezabeth Ceballo

Feb 28, 2024

CIUDAD MCY.- La tasa de fertilidad en Corea del Sur disminuyó en 2023 hasta su mínimo histórico. El país ha vuelto a ocupar el último lugar del mundo en ese indicador. De acuerdo con datos de Statistics Korea, agencia encargada del registro de estadísticas en el país, el promedio de bebés que esperan tener las mujeres surcoreanas durante su vida reproductiva descendió de 0,78 en 2022 a 0,72 en el año pasado. Asimismo, se pronostica que la tasa de fertilidad descienda hasta un 0,68 por ciento en 2024.

En Corea del Sur, el matrimonio se considera como una condición crucial para tener hijos debido a la estigmatización de la maternidad en solitario, pero esta cifra también se reduce debido a las elevadas cargas económicas, señala el medio. Por su parte, el Gobierno ha invertido desde 2006 más de 360 billones de wones (270.000 millones de dólares) para luchar contra este problema.

Por ejemplo, se han otorgado subsidios para el cuidado de los niños; sin embargo, esto no contribuye a mejorar los indicadores. Así, la lucha contra el descenso de la fertilidad se convirtió en una prioridad nacional, y en diciembre las autoridades anunciaron la introducción de “medidas extraordinarias” con este fin.

En este contexto, en las elecciones parlamentarias que se celebrarán en abril de este año, los principales partidos políticos surcoreanos prometieron proporcionar más viviendas públicas y préstamos más fáciles, para tratar de disipar los temores de la “extinción nacional”, dijo Reuters.

Esta semana, también se dio a conocer que el número de nacimientos en Japón en 2023 cayó al nivel más bajo jamás registrado en el país asiático. El año 2022 marcó la primera vez cuando ese indicador disminuyó por debajo de 800.000 desde 1899, cuando las autoridades japonesas empezaron a hacer ese tipo de registros.

RT ACTUALIDAD

Por Gioezabeth Ceballo

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